Hyponatremia, a condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood, can be caused by a variety of factors, including certain medications.
- Diuretics: Diuretics increase the excretion of sodium from the body, leading to hyponatremia. Thiazide diuretics are particularly known for this side effect.
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Used in the treatment of depression and anxiety, SSRIs can lead to hyponatremia, particularly in older adults. This is often due to a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH).
- Antiepileptic Drugs: Certain drugs used to control seizures, such as carbamazepine, can increase the risk of hyponatremia.
- Antipsychotics: Some antipsychotic medications, especially the older ones, can cause hyponatremia.
- Ecstasy (MDMA): This illicit drug can lead to severe hyponatremia, often due to excessive water intake and altered kidney function.
- Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): These medications can affect kidney function, which in turn can affect sodium levels.
- Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors: Used for hypertension, these drugs can occasionally cause hyponatremia.
- Desmopressin: A medication used for conditions like diabetes insipidus and bedwetting, desmopressin can cause water retention and hyponatremia.
It’s important to note that while these drugs can cause hyponatremia, the risk varies depending on individual factors like age, kidney function, and concurrent use of other medications.