https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_triads,_tetrads,_and_pentads
ALL vs AML
- Malaise
- Pallor
- ALL vs AML
- Bone pain ->ALL
- Mouth -> AML
PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)
- Re-experiencing
- Hyperarousal phenomena
- Avoidance and Numbing
- Note that > 1 month = PTSD whereas <1 month = Acute Stress Reaction
Serotonin Syndrome
- Neuromuscular excitation ie hyerreflexia, clonus, tremor
- Autonomic effects i.e. hyperthermia, diaphoresis, mydriasis, tachycardia
- CNS effects – agitation, anxiety, confusion
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (Similar to serotonin syndrome but caused by antipsychotics)
- Muscle rigidity
- Hyperthermia
- Autonomic effects i.e. hyperthermia, diaphoresis, mydriasis, tachycardia
- CNS effects – agitation, anxiety, confusion
Opioid Overdose
- Pinpoint pupils
- Stupor/Coma
- Respiratory depression
Delerium
- Acute onset and fluctuating course
- Inattention
- Either disorganised thinking or an altered level of consciousness
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
- Hyperaesthesia/Allodynia
- Vasomotor
- Sudomotor/oedema
- Motor/Trophic
Pyelonephritis
- Urine culture positive
- Loin pain and/or
- Fever
ADHD
- Hyperactive/Impulsive and/or
- Inattentive
- Having psychological/social/educational impact In 2 or more settings
Intussusception (2 months to 2 years)
- Red Current Jelly stools
- Intermittent abdominal pain
- Palpable mass
- NB: Recent rotavirus vaccination is a risk
Parkinson’s Tetrad
- Resting tremor
- Bradykinesia
- Rigidity
- Postural Instability
Cerebellar Tetrad
- Intention Tremor
- Dysarthria
- Nystagmus
- Ataxic gait
Hypercalcaemia
- Stones
- Bones
- Abdominal Moans
- Thrones (constipation, polyuria)
- Psychiatric Overtones (depression, psychosis)
Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
- Confusion
- Ataxia
- Opthalmoplegia
Korsakoff’s Psychosis
- Wernicke’s Encephalopathy plus
- Amnesia
- Confabulation
Dementia with Lewy Bodies
- Dementia
- Hallucinations
- Parkinsonism
Acute Glomerlularnephritis (AGN – Nephritic Syndrome)
- Haematuria
- Hypertension
- Oedema
- Oliguria
Immune Thrombocytic Purpura (ITP)
- Bruising
- Oral bleeding
- Epistaxis
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (young)
- Malaise
- Pallor/Petechiae
- Bone Pain
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (all ages)
- Malaise
- Pallor/Petechiae
- Oral Problems (gum hypertrophy, gingivitis, stomatitis)
Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (middle age) – Philadelphia Chromosome
- Fatigue
- Fever/Night Sweats
- Abdominal fullness (splenomegally)
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (>60years)
- Fatigue
- Fever/Night Sweats
- Weight Loss
- Lymphadenopathy
Hodgkins Lymphoma (15-35, >55years)
- Malaise
- Fever/Night Sweats – undulant Pel Ebstein
- Lymphadenopathy (Rubbery)
- Pruritis
Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma (almost any age, but mid 60s )
- Malaise
- Fever/Night Sweats
- Lymphadenopathy
- Rash (Mycosis Fungoides)
Multiple Myeloma
- Anaemia
- Infections
- Unexplained back pain
- Elevated ESR
Endometriosis
- Dysmenorrhoea
- Dyspareunia
- Menorrhagia
Ectopic
- Amenorrhoea
- Low abdominal pain
- PV bleeding (prune juice)
Acute Cholangitis (Charcot’s Triad)
- RUQ pain
- Fever
- Jaundice
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP)
- Purpura (100%),
- Joint pain (75%),
- Abdominal pain (50%)
- Renal involvement (50%)
Autistic Spectrum Disorder
- Issues with
- Social interaction
- Communication
- Behaviour
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
- Oligomenorrhoea or Amenorrhoea
- Hyperandrogenism
- 12+ cysts or > 10 ml volume
Meig’s syndrome
- Ovarian fibroma (a type of benign ovarian tumour)
- Pleural effusion
- Ascites
- NB: Meig’s syndrome typically occurs in older women and removal of the tumour results in complete resolution of the effusion and ascites.
Pre-eclampsia
- Hypertension (>140 or >90)
- Proteinuria
- Oedema
- Eclampsia is when seizures occur as a result of pre-eclampsia
HELLP syndrome
HELLP syndrome is a combination of features that occurs as a complication of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.
- Haemolysis
- Elevated Liver enzymes
- Low Platelets
Depression (including postnatal)
- Low mood
- Anhedonia (lack of pleasure in activities)
- Low energy
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome
- Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Acute kidney injury
Diabetes
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Weight loss
Nephrotic Syndrome
- Low serum albumin
- High urine protein content (>3+ protein on urine dipstick)
- Oedema
Ménière’s disease
- Hearing loss
- Vertigo
- Tinnitus