Here are some common types of medications associated with cough:
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors: This class of drugs, used primarily to treat high blood pressure and heart failure, is well-known for causing a dry, persistent cough in some patients. Examples include enalapril, lisinopril, and ramipril. The mechanism involves the accumulation of substances like bradykinin in the lungs.
- ACE Receptor Blockers (ARBs): While less common than with ACE inhibitors, drugs like losartan and valsartan can sometimes cause a cough.
- Beta-Blockers: Used for treating heart conditions and high blood pressure, some beta-blockers can exacerbate asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), leading to coughing. This is more common with non-selective beta-blockers like propranolol.
- Aspirin and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): In some individuals, especially those with asthma, these medications can trigger bronchospasm leading to coughing. Ibuprofen and naproxen are common examples.
- Inhaled Corticosteroids: Commonly used in asthma and COPD, these can cause a cough if the particles from the inhaler irritate the throat. Examples include fluticasone and budesonide. Using a spacer with the inhaler and rinsing the mouth after use can help mitigate this effect.
- Chemotherapy Drugs: Certain chemotherapy agents can cause lung damage, which may result in a cough. This is a more severe and less common side effect, requiring immediate medical attention.
If a new cough develops after starting any medication, it’s important to consider the possibility of a drug-induced cough.