PICO – Formulating a Clinical Question

PICO is a mnemonic used to describe the four elements of a good clinical question:

  • P = Population/Patient/Problem
    • How would I describe the problem or a group of patients similar to mine?
  • I = Intervention
    • What main intervention, prognostic factor or exposure am I considering?
  • C = Comparison
    • Is there an alternative to compare with the intervention?
  • O = Outcome
    • What do I hope to accomplish, measure, improve or affect?