Several over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medications are commonly used to treat or manage cough. The choice of medication often depends on the type of cough (dry or productive) and any underlying conditions. Here’s a brief overview:
- Cough Suppressants (Antitussives):
- These are used for dry, irritating coughs.
- A common example is dextromethorphan, which is found in many OTC cough syrups and lozenges.
- Expectorants:
- Used for productive coughs where mucus is present.
- Guaifenesin is a common expectorant that helps loosen and thin mucus, making it easier to cough up.
- Mucolytics:
- Similar to expectorants, these drugs help break down mucus in the airways, making it easier to expel.
- Acetylcysteine and bromhexine are examples of mucolytics.
- Decongestants:
- While not directly cough medicines, decongestants like pseudoephedrine can help alleviate cough symptoms associated with nasal congestion.
- Antihistamines:
- Some antihistamines (like diphenhydramine and loratadine) can be effective in treating coughs due to allergies.
- Combination Products:
- Many cough remedies combine ingredients like an antitussive, expectorant, decongestant, and/or antihistamine for broad-spectrum symptom relief.
- Inhaled Bronchodilators and Steroids:
- For coughs related to asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), medications like salbutamol (a bronchodilator) and inhaled corticosteroids may be prescribed.