CASE INFORMATION
Case ID: SFS-001
Case Name: Michael Patterson
Age: 45
Gender: Male
Indigenous Status: Non-Indigenous
Year: 2025
ICPC-2 Code: Y07 – Sexual Function Symptom/Complaint (Male)
COMPETENCY OUTCOMES
Competency Domain | Competency Element |
---|---|
1. Communication and Consultation Skills | 1.1 Engages the patient to understand their concerns and expectations. 1.2 Demonstrates active listening and empathy. 1.4 Explains diagnosis and management in a patient-centred manner. |
2. Clinical Information Gathering and Interpretation | 2.1 Takes a comprehensive history, including sexual, psychological, and lifestyle factors. 2.2 Identifies red flags requiring further investigation. |
3. Diagnosis, Decision-Making and Reasoning | 3.1 Establishes a working diagnosis based on history and clinical reasoning. 3.2 Differentiates between psychological and organic causes of erectile dysfunction. |
4. Clinical Management and Therapeutic Reasoning | 4.1 Develops an evidence-based management plan. 4.5 Provides pharmacological and non-pharmacological recommendations. 4.7 Uses shared decision-making to address concerns. |
5. Preventive and Population Health | 5.1 Assesses cardiovascular risk factors associated with erectile dysfunction. 5.2 Provides lifestyle advice to improve sexual function. |
6. Professionalism | 6.2 Maintains a non-judgmental, sensitive, and confidential approach. |
7. General Practice Systems and Regulatory Requirements | 7.1 Documents history, investigations, and management plan appropriately. |
9. Managing Uncertainty | 9.3 Recognises the need for further investigation when symptoms are persistent or atypical. |
10. Identifying and Managing the Patient with Significant Illness | 10.1 Identifies when erectile dysfunction may indicate underlying cardiovascular disease or endocrine dysfunction. |
CASE FEATURES
- Middle-aged male presenting with erectile dysfunction (ED) and associated stress.
- Possible mixed aetiology – psychological stress, cardiovascular risk, lifestyle factors.
- Concerned about performance and relationship impact.
- Reluctance to discuss symptoms but seeking solutions.
- Need for a holistic approach, including ruling out underlying conditions and providing reassurance.
INSTRUCTIONS
You have 15 minutes to complete the tasks for this case.
You should treat this consultation as if it is face-to-face.
You are not required to perform an examination.
A patient record summary is provided for your information.
Perform the following tasks:
- Take an appropriate history.
- Outline the differential diagnosis and key investigations required.
- Address the patient’s concerns.
- Develop a safe and patient-centred management plan.
SCENARIO
Michael Patterson, a 45-year-old accountant, presents with a six-month history of difficulty achieving and maintaining an erection. He describes it as intermittent but worsening, causing stress and embarrassment.
He has been in a long-term relationship but has been avoiding intimacy, worried that he will “fail.” He reports work-related stress and poor sleep quality. His partner has been supportive but concerned, which makes him feel even more pressured.
His observations today are:
- BP: 138/88 mmHg
- HR: 76 bpm, regular
- BMI: 28 kg/m²
PATIENT RECORD SUMMARY
Patient Details
Name: Michael Patterson
Age: 45
Gender: Male
Indigenous Status: Non-Indigenous
Allergies and Adverse Reactions
- Nil known
Medications
- Nil regular
Past History
- No known diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or endocrine disorders
Social History
- Occupation: Accountant, sedentary lifestyle
- Alcohol: 2-3 drinks per night
- Smoking: Occasional
Family History
- Father: Heart attack at 55
- Mother: Hypertension
Vaccination and Preventative Activities
- Influenza vaccine – up to date
ROLE PLAYER INSTRUCTIONS
Just like a consultation with a doctor, the candidate will ask you a series of questions.
The OPENING LINE is always to be said exactly as written. This is the only part of the script
which will be the same for all candidates. Where the candidate goes after the opening line is
up to them.
The remainder of the information is to be given based on the questions asked by the
candidate.
The information in the following script are core pieces of information. The core pieces of
information will not necessarily follow the order in the script but should be given when cued
by the candidate’s question.
GENERAL INFORMATION can be given relatively freely. After the opening line, most
candidates will ask an open question like “Can you tell me more about that?” You can provide
the GENERAL INFORMATION in response to that sort of question.
SPECIFIC INFORMATION should only be given when the candidate asks a relevant question.
Candidates don’t need to ask for all the information in the SPECIFIC INFORMATION section,
but all the relevant information is given there should they want to.
Each line or dot point in the SPECIFIC INFORMATION section is an appropriate chunk of
information which can be provided to the candidate when asked a relevant question.
Do not give extra information than asked.
Do not provide details which are not given in the information chunks (i.e.: do not elaborate
or ad-lib).
If the candidate asks a question that is not given in the script, the best way to respond is with
a generic response indicating there is no problem. For example:
Candidate: “How many hours do you sleep?”
Response: “I’m sleeping fine.” / “I don’t have any concerns about my sleep.”
The case may have specific QUESTIONS to ask the candidate. You can start asking the
QUESTIONS if the candidate asks about your ideas or concerns or questions.
Ask the other questions in a conversational way. You do not need to ask all the questions. The
aim should be to ask most of the questions but without interrupting the candidate.
The Patient Record Summary is also included. This is not part of the script but is included for
your general information.
If you need help in understanding any of the medical information in the script, ask the College
examiner who will be with you, and they can help to explain the terms or the conditions.
ROLE-PLAYER SCRIPTS
Opening Line
“Doctor, I’ve been having trouble in the bedroom for a while now, and it’s really starting to stress me out.”
General Information
- You are 45 years old and have been in a long-term relationship with your partner for the past 15 years.
- Over the past six months, you have had increasing difficulty with achieving and maintaining an erection.
- It used to happen only sometimes, but now it’s becoming more frequent.
- Sometimes, you can get an erection but can’t maintain it, while other times, it doesn’t happen at all.
Specific Information
(Only Provide If Asked)
Background Information
- You feel embarrassed and have been avoiding sex, which is affecting your relationship.
- Your partner is understanding but concerned, which adds pressure on you.
- You feel stressed and frustrated because this has never been an issue before.
- You have no pain, burning, or discomfort with erections.
- You are generally healthy but don’t exercise much and have gained some weight in the past few years.
Symptoms & Sexual Function History
- You used to have morning erections but rarely do now.
- Erections are weaker than before, and penetration is difficult.
- You don’t have premature ejaculation, but sometimes you lose the erection before orgasm.
- You still feel sexually attracted to your partner.
- You haven’t had major libido changes, but your confidence is lower, making you less interested in sex.
Red Flags (None Present)
- No sudden onset of symptoms—it has been gradual.
- No penile pain, curvature, or deformity (no Peyronie’s disease signs).
- No issues with urination, frequency, hesitancy, or burning.
- No testicular pain or swelling.
Lifestyle Factors
- You have a sedentary job as an accountant, sitting for long hours.
- You rarely exercise, and your weight has gone up in the past few years.
- Your diet is not great—you eat a lot of processed food and takeaway meals due to your work schedule.
- You drink 2-3 glasses of wine most nights, sometimes more on weekends.
- You smoke socially but wouldn’t call yourself a heavy smoker.
- You sleep poorly and often wake up feeling unrefreshed.
- You feel stressed at work, which has been worse over the past year.
Psychological Factors
- You haven’t been diagnosed with depression or anxiety before.
- You sometimes feel low in mood because of work stress and relationship strain.
- You feel embarrassed talking about this but want to find a solution.
Concerns & Expectations
- You’re worried this could be a sign of something serious, like heart disease or low testosterone.
- You don’t want to be on medications long-term.
- You don’t want this to damage your relationship, so you need to find a fix.
- You want to know if lifestyle changes will actually work.
- You feel that this shouldn’t be happening at your age.
Possible Questions for the Candidate
- “Is this normal at my age?”
- “Do I need testosterone treatment?”
- “Could this mean I have heart disease?”
- “Can I fix this without taking pills?”
- “How long will it take to improve?”
- “Will this get worse over time?”
How to Respond to the Candidate’s Explanations
If the Candidate Explains That ED Has Many Causes:
- “So, you’re saying this isn’t just about getting older?”
- “I thought testosterone was the problem—are you sure?”
If the Candidate Suggests a Heart Health Check:
- “I don’t have chest pain or anything—why would this mean I have a heart problem?”
- “So you think my blood pressure and cholesterol might be involved?”
If the Candidate Recommends Medications (e.g., Sildenafil, Tadalafil):
- “Are these safe? Will I have to take them forever?”
- “I heard they can cause headaches and dizziness—is that true?”
If the Candidate Mentions Lifestyle Changes:
- “Will losing weight and exercising really make a difference?”
- “How long would it take to notice an improvement?”
- “Do I have to completely stop drinking alcohol?”
If the Candidate Suggests Psychological Factors Play a Role:
- “So, are you saying this is all in my head?”
- “How does stress cause this? I don’t feel depressed.”
Role-Playing Tips for the Candidate Assessment
- You are embarrassed but open to discussion. You’re not defensive, but you feel uncomfortable.
- You are looking for reassurance. If the candidate is supportive and explains things well, you feel relieved.
- You don’t want medications unless necessary. The candidate must provide a good reason for using them.
- If the candidate dismisses your concerns, push back. Ask if this could be a heart problem or hormonal issue.
- If the candidate focuses only on lifestyle changes, express doubt. Say, “Will that actually work, or do I need something stronger?”
- If the candidate does not explain things well, ask for more information. For example, “What exactly does testosterone do?”
Final Line (If the Candidate Handles the Case Well)
“Thanks, Doctor. I feel a bit better knowing this isn’t a sign of something really bad. I’ll try making some changes and see how it goes. If things don’t improve, I’ll come back for a follow-up.”
THE COMPETENT CANDIDATE
The competent candidate should be able to:
Task 1: Take a focused history, including medical, psychological, and lifestyle factors related to sexual dysfunction.
The competent candidate should:
- Establish rapport and normalise the discussion, ensuring a non-judgmental and supportive environment.
- Use open-ended questions to explore the onset, duration, and progression of erectile dysfunction (ED).
- Assess the nature of the dysfunction, including:
- Presence or absence of morning erections (helps distinguish organic vs psychological causes).
- Ability to achieve vs maintain an erection.
- Relationship factors, stressors, and performance anxiety.
- Screen for underlying medical conditions contributing to ED:
- Cardiovascular disease: Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, smoking, alcohol.
- Endocrine disorders: Symptoms of hypogonadism (fatigue, low libido).
- Neurological conditions: History of spinal or pelvic injury.
- Explore psychological factors, including stress, depression, anxiety, or work-related pressures.
- Take a comprehensive lifestyle history, including diet, exercise, alcohol use, and smoking.
- Ask about medications (e.g., antihypertensives, SSRIs) and recreational drug use.
- Identify the patient’s concerns and expectations, including fear of serious illness and treatment preferences.
Task 2: Explain your differential diagnosis and outline an initial management plan.
The competent candidate should:
- Explain that erectile dysfunction has multiple causes, which may be organic, psychological, or mixed.
- Discuss possible organic causes, including:
- Cardiovascular disease – ED can be an early marker of vascular disease due to endothelial dysfunction.
- Metabolic factors – Diabetes, obesity, or dyslipidaemia.
- Endocrine disorders – Low testosterone, thyroid dysfunction.
- Neurological conditions – Nerve damage from chronic disease or injury.
- Address possible psychogenic causes, including:
- Performance anxiety, stress, or relationship concerns.
- Situational ED (e.g., with partner but not during self-stimulation).
- Explain the rationale for initial investigations, including:
- Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c – to assess for diabetes.
- Lipid profile – to evaluate cardiovascular risk.
- Testosterone levels – if symptoms of hypogonadism are present.
- Blood pressure measurement – to screen for hypertension.
- Reassure the patient that ED is treatable and that lifestyle modifications, psychological support, and medical therapy can be effective.
Task 3: Address the patient’s concerns about sexual performance, masculinity, and treatment options.
The competent candidate should:
- Validate the patient’s concerns, acknowledging that ED can affect self-esteem and relationships.
- Reassure that ED is common, affecting at least 1 in 5 men over 40.
- Address the fear of serious health conditions, explaining that screening for cardiovascular disease is essential as ED may be an early warning sign.
- Discuss treatment options, including:
- Lifestyle changes (weight loss, exercise, smoking cessation) to improve vascular function.
- Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or counselling for stress-related ED.
- Medications (PDE-5 inhibitors such as sildenafil or tadalafil) – how they work, effectiveness, and side effects.
- Testosterone therapy (only if indicated by laboratory results).
- Encourage shared decision-making, allowing the patient to explore non-pharmacological options first if preferred.
Task 4: Develop a comprehensive management plan, including investigations, lifestyle changes, and pharmacological or psychological interventions as appropriate.
The competent candidate should:
- Encourage lifestyle modifications:
- Increase physical activity – at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity exercise.
- Optimise diet – Mediterranean-style diet, reduced processed foods and alcohol intake.
- Smoking cessation and alcohol moderation.
- Manage psychological contributors:
- Encourage open communication with the partner to reduce anxiety.
- Offer psychological support (GP counselling, psychologist referral).
- Introduce medical therapy where appropriate:
- Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5 inhibitors) – explain appropriate use, contraindications, and side effects.
- Consider testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) only if low testosterone is confirmed.
- Monitor cardiovascular health:
- If high cardiovascular risk, consider referral for further assessment (e.g., stress test, cardiologist review).
- Arrange follow-up in 4-6 weeks to review symptom progress and adjust management as needed.
SUMMARY OF A COMPETENT ANSWER
- Takes a thorough and sensitive history, exploring medical, psychological, and lifestyle factors.
- Provides a structured differential diagnosis, distinguishing between organic and psychological causes.
- Addresses the patient’s concerns with empathy and reassurance.
- Explains treatment options clearly, including lifestyle, psychological, and pharmacological approaches.
- Orders appropriate investigations while avoiding unnecessary tests.
- Emphasises the link between erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular health, recommending risk factor optimisation.
- Uses shared decision-making, allowing the patient to choose a management approach that aligns with their preferences.
- Provides clear follow-up, ensuring ongoing monitoring and support.
PITFALLS
- Failing to assess for red flags, such as sudden-onset ED, severe nocturnal symptoms, or penile deformities (e.g., Peyronie’s disease).
- Over-focusing on psychological causes without considering potential underlying cardiovascular disease.
- Dismissing the patient’s concerns, particularly around masculinity and relationship impact.
- Prescribing PDE-5 inhibitors without addressing lifestyle factors or underlying conditions.
- Not considering cardiovascular screening in a patient with multiple risk factors.
- Failing to explore the patient’s expectations about treatment and prognosis.
- Neglecting follow-up, which is crucial for monitoring progress and adjusting management.
REFERENCES
- RACGP – RACGP Guidelines for Preventive Activities in General Practice (Red Book)
- GP Exams – Sexual function symptom/complaint (male)
MARKING
Each competency area is rated on the following scale from 0 to 3:
☐ Competency NOT demonstrated
☐ Competency NOT CLEARLY demonstrated
☐ Competency SATISFACTORILY demonstrated
☐ Competency FULLY demonstrated
1. Communication and Consultation Skills
1.1 Engages the patient to understand their concerns and expectations.
1.2 Demonstrates active listening and empathy.
1.4 Explains diagnosis and management in a patient-centred manner.
2. Clinical Information Gathering and Interpretation
2.1 Takes a comprehensive history, including sexual, psychological, and lifestyle factors.
3. Diagnosis, Decision-Making and Reasoning
3.1 Differentiates between psychological and organic causes of ED.
4. Clinical Management and Therapeutic Reasoning
4.1 Develops an evidence-based management plan.
Competency at Fellowship Level
☐ CLEARLY BELOW STANDARD
☐ BELOW EXPECTED STANDARD
☐ BORDERLINE
☐ AT EXPECTED STANDARD
☐ ABOVE STANDARD