CASE INFORMATION
Case ID:
Case Name: Margaret Collins
Age: 72
Gender: Female
Indigenous Status: Non-Indigenous
Year: 2025
ICPC-2 Codes: S97 – Chronic Ulcer of Skin
COMPETENCY OUTCOMES
Competency Domain | Competency Element |
---|---|
1. Communication and Consultation Skills | 1.1 Engages the patient to gather relevant information about their symptoms and concerns 1.2 Provides clear and empathetic explanations regarding the diagnosis and management plan |
2. Clinical Information Gathering and Interpretation | 2.1 Takes a comprehensive history, including risk factors for chronic ulcers 2.2 Performs and interprets relevant clinical assessments |
3. Diagnosis, Decision-Making and Reasoning | 3.1 Differentiates between venous, arterial, neuropathic, and mixed ulcers 3.2 Identifies complications such as infection and delayed healing |
4. Clinical Management and Therapeutic Reasoning | 4.1 Develops an evidence-based wound care plan, including dressings and compression therapy 4.2 Identifies when referral to a specialist (vascular surgeon, wound care clinic) is necessary |
5. Preventive and Population Health | 5.1 Provides advice on leg elevation, compression stockings, and lifestyle modifications to prevent recurrence |
6. Professionalism | 6.1 Demonstrates patient-centred care and acknowledges the impact of chronic ulcers on quality of life |
7. General Practice Systems and Regulatory Requirements | 7.1 Ensures appropriate wound management within Medicare and allied health referral pathways |
8. Procedural Skills | 8.1 Demonstrates appropriate wound assessment and dressing application |
9. Managing Uncertainty | 9.1 Recognises when a non-healing ulcer may indicate malignancy or another underlying condition |
10. Identifying and Managing the Patient with Significant Illness | 10.1 Identifies complications such as cellulitis, osteomyelitis, or venous insufficiency requiring escalation of care |
CASE FEATURES
- Elderly woman with chronic venous leg ulcer, non-healing for 3 months.
- Associated venous insufficiency, with bilateral leg oedema and varicose veins.
- History of type 2 diabetes and hypertension, increasing risk for poor wound healing.
- Mild erythema and exudate from the ulcer, raising concern for infection.
- Social impact: patient frustrated with slow healing, affecting mobility and quality of life.
- Uncertain diagnosis: venous vs arterial ulcer, needs careful assessment.
- Management considerations: compression therapy, wound care, infection control, and lifestyle interventions.
INSTRUCTIONS
You have 15 minutes to complete the tasks for this case.
You should treat this consultation as if it is face-to-face.
You are not required to perform an examination.
A patient record summary is provided for your information.
Perform the following tasks:
- Take an appropriate history.
- Outline the differential diagnosis and key investigations required.
- Address the patient’s concerns.
- Develop a safe and patient-centred management plan.
SCENARIO
Margaret Collins, a 72-year-old retired teacher, presents with a non-healing ulcer on her right lower leg that has been present for three months. She first noticed skin darkening and swelling around her ankle, which later broke down into an ulcer. She has tried various over-the-counter antiseptic creams, but the wound has not improved.
Margaret has type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 7.5%) and hypertension, managed with metformin and perindopril.
On examination, the ulcer is 5 cm in diameter, located on the medial lower leg, with irregular borders, moderate exudate, and surrounding haemosiderin staining. Peripheral pulses are present but weak. The wound is mildly erythematous, raising suspicion of early infection.
PATIENT RECORD SUMMARY
Patient Details
Name: Margaret Collins
Age: 72
Gender: Female
Indigenous Status: Non-Indigenous
Allergies and Adverse Reactions
- Nil known
Medications
- Metformin 1 g BD (type 2 diabetes)
- Perindopril 5 mg daily (hypertension)
- Paracetamol 1 g PRN (osteoarthritis)
Past History
- Type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 7.5%)
- Hypertension
- Osteoarthritis (bilateral knees, using a walker)
- Previous venous ulcer (2 years ago, took 6 months to heal)
Social History
- Lives alone but has family support
Family History
- Mother had chronic venous insufficiency
- No history of peripheral vascular disease
Smoking
- Never smoked
Alcohol
- Occasionally drinks wine
Vaccination and Preventative Activities
- Influenza and pneumococcal vaccines up to date
ROLE PLAYER INSTRUCTIONS
Just like a consultation with a doctor, the candidate will ask you a series of questions.
The OPENING LINE is always to be said exactly as written. This is the only part of the script
which will be the same for all candidates. Where the candidate goes after the opening line is
up to them.
The remainder of the information is to be given based on the questions asked by the
candidate.
The information in the following script are core pieces of information. The core pieces of
information will not necessarily follow the order in the script but should be given when cued
by the candidate’s question.
GENERAL INFORMATION can be given relatively freely. After the opening line, most
candidates will ask an open question like “Can you tell me more about that?” You can provide
the GENERAL INFORMATION in response to that sort of question.
SPECIFIC INFORMATION should only be given when the candidate asks a relevant question.
Candidates don’t need to ask for all the information in the SPECIFIC INFORMATION section,
but all the relevant information is given there should they want to.
Each line or dot point in the SPECIFIC INFORMATION section is an appropriate chunk of
information which can be provided to the candidate when asked a relevant question.
Do not give extra information than asked.
Do not provide details which are not given in the information chunks (i.e.: do not elaborate
or ad-lib).
If the candidate asks a question that is not given in the script, the best way to respond is with
a generic response indicating there is no problem. For example:
Candidate: “How many hours do you sleep?”
Response: “I’m sleeping fine.” / “I don’t have any concerns about my sleep.”
The case may have specific QUESTIONS to ask the candidate. You can start asking the
QUESTIONS if the candidate asks about your ideas or concerns or questions.
Ask the other questions in a conversational way. You do not need to ask all the questions. The
aim should be to ask most of the questions but without interrupting the candidate.
The Patient Record Summary is also included. This is not part of the script but is included for
your general information.
If you need help in understanding any of the medical information in the script, ask the College
examiner who will be with you, and they can help to explain the terms or the conditions.
ROLE-PLAYER SCRIPT
Opening Line
“Doctor, this ulcer just won’t heal, and I don’t know what else to do. It’s been three months, and nothing is working!”
General Information
You are Margaret Collins, a 72-year-old retired teacher who has been struggling with a chronic ulcer on your right lower leg for the past three months. You first noticed swelling and darkening of the skin around your ankle, followed by the skin breaking down into an open wound. At first, you thought it would heal on its own, but it has only gotten worse.
Specific Information
(Reveal only when asked)
Background Information
The ulcer is leaking a yellowish fluid, and sometimes you feel a dull ache around it, especially when you’ve been standing for too long. You tried antiseptic creams from the pharmacy, but they haven’t helped. You are worried because you had a similar ulcer on your other leg two years ago, and it took six months to heal. You don’t want to go through that again.
You live alone, but your daughter visits twice a week to help with shopping and housework. You used to be more active, but your arthritis has made walking difficult, and you rely on a walker. This ulcer is making things even harder because now you have to be careful not to bump your leg. You are also frustrated because your leg feels heavy and swollen, especially by the end of the day.
History of the Ulcer
- You first noticed dry, scaly skin and itching around your ankle before the ulcer appeared.
- The swelling in your leg got worse, and after a few weeks, the skin broke open into a wound.
- At first, the ulcer was small, but it has grown bigger over the past few months.
- You tried using antiseptic creams, but they didn’t help.
- The wound leaks a yellowish fluid, and sometimes it soaks through your bandages.
- There is no bad smell from the wound.
- The pain is not sharp, but you feel a dull, throbbing ache, especially in the evening.
- You do not recall injuring your leg before the ulcer appeared.
Medical History and Symptoms
- You have type 2 diabetes and hypertension, but they are well controlled with medication.
- Your feet sometimes tingle, but you do not have numbness.
- Your legs feel heavy and tired, especially at the end of the day.
- Your ankles swell, especially when you sit or stand for too long.
- You do not have chest pain or shortness of breath.
- Your feet are not cold or blue, but the skin around the ulcer looks darker compared to the rest of your leg.
- You had a similar ulcer on your left leg two years ago, which took six months to heal.
Concerns
- You are worried this ulcer will never heal, like the last one.
- You are afraid of being admitted to hospital because you live alone and do not want to lose your independence.
- You are frustrated because you are doing everything right, but the wound is not improving.
- You feel stuck because you can’t move around much due to arthritis.
- You wonder if this ulcer is infected and if you need antibiotics.
- You are concerned about your mobility, as you are afraid of falling if your leg gets worse.
Expectations
- You want to know why this keeps happening and what you can do to prevent more ulcers.
- You are willing to try compression stockings, but you need help understanding how to use them.
- You want a realistic idea of how long this will take to heal.
- You want a clear wound care plan so that you don’t have to keep guessing what to do.
- You would prefer home-based treatment, as long as you can avoid hospital admission.
Emotional Cues & Body Language
- You appear frustrated and tired, shaking your head as you describe your symptoms.
- You sigh heavily when talking about how long the ulcer has been there.
- You express concern about being a burden on your daughter.
- You seem sceptical about whether this ulcer will heal, particularly if the candidate gives a vague timeline.
- If the candidate acknowledges your struggles and reassures you, you gradually become more engaged and hopeful.
- If the candidate is dismissive or too technical, you become withdrawn and discouraged.
Questions for the Candidate (Ask Naturally During the Consultation)
- “Why do I keep getting these ulcers? Is there something wrong with my circulation?”
- “Do I need antibiotics? It looks red around the edges.”
- “How long is this going to take to heal? Last time it took six months!”
- “What should I be doing differently to stop this from happening again?”
- “Is it safe for me to use compression stockings? I’ve heard mixed things about them.”
- “Will I need surgery for this, or can it heal on its own?”
Response to Advice Given by the Candidate
- If the candidate explains things clearly and provides a structured plan, you feel reassured and more hopeful.
- If the candidate tells you only to “wait and see,” you become frustrated and push for more action.
- If compression therapy is suggested, you express concerns about whether it will be painful or uncomfortable.
- If the candidate mentions a referral to a wound care clinic or vascular specialist, you agree but ask if it’s really necessary.
- If antibiotics are prescribed unnecessarily, you question why they are needed since the ulcer doesn’t seem badly infected.
Final Thought
If the candidate listens to your concerns, explains things clearly, and provides a structured management plan, you leave the consultation feeling more hopeful. If they are vague, dismissive, or fail to explain the condition properly, you remain frustrated and unconvinced that the plan will help.
THE COMPETENT CANDIDATE
The competent candidate should be able to:
Task 1: Take a relevant history, including the ulcer’s onset, progression, associated symptoms, and impact on daily life.
The competent candidate should:
- Establish rapport and acknowledge the patient’s concerns and frustrations about slow healing.
- Take a detailed history of the ulcer, including:
- Onset and progression (when it started, changes over time).
- Previous ulcers (history of recurrence, past healing time).
- Local symptoms (pain, swelling, exudate, odour, bleeding, change in size).
- Assess for risk factors:
- Venous insufficiency (leg swelling, prolonged standing, varicose veins, previous deep vein thrombosis).
- Arterial insufficiency (claudication, foot coldness, previous vascular disease).
- Diabetes-related issues (neuropathy, foot ulcers, delayed healing).
- Explore wound management history (what treatments have been tried, effectiveness, adherence to dressings).
- Identify systemic symptoms (fever, increasing redness, signs of infection).
- Discuss impact on daily life, mobility limitations, and psychological concerns.
- Screen for modifiable factors, including diet, smoking, and activity levels.
Task 2: Identify key clinical features to distinguish between venous, arterial, and mixed ulcers.
The competent candidate should:
- Recognise chronic venous ulcers:
- Location: Medial lower leg, often above the medial malleolus.
- Appearance: Irregular borders, shallow base, granulation tissue, exudative.
- Skin changes: Haemosiderin staining, lipodermatosclerosis, venous eczema.
- Symptoms: Aching pain, worsened by standing, relieved by elevation.
- Pulses: Present.
- Differentiate from arterial ulcers:
- Location: Toes, foot margins, pressure points.
- Appearance: Well-defined borders, punched-out, deep, minimal granulation.
- Skin changes: Pallor, cool limb, reduced hair growth.
- Symptoms: Rest pain, worse with elevation, relieved by dependency.
- Pulses: Reduced or absent.
- Consider mixed ulcers if there are features of both venous and arterial disease.
Task 3: Explain the likely diagnosis, underlying pathophysiology, and management plan to the patient.
The competent candidate should:
- Explain the diagnosis in simple terms: likely a venous ulcer due to poor circulation from damaged leg veins.
- Describe the cause: Blood pooling in the veins leads to increased pressure, fluid leakage, and skin breakdown.
- Address concerns about infection: Mild erythema is expected, but signs of infection (spreading redness, pus, fever) need monitoring.
- Provide a structured management plan:
- Wound care: Regular dressings, moisture balance, antimicrobial if indicated.
- Compression therapy: Graduated compression stockings or bandaging.
- Leg elevation: Reduces swelling, improves healing.
- Lifestyle modifications: Weight management, mobility, smoking cessation.
- Referral: Wound care specialist or vascular surgeon if not healing.
Task 4: Outline a safe, evidence-based treatment plan, including wound care, infection control, and prevention strategies.
The competent candidate should:
- Implement best practice wound care:
- Moist wound healing (appropriate dressings).
- Compression therapy if no significant arterial disease.
- Infection control: Swabbing only if signs of infection.
- Prescribe analgesia if pain is a concern.
- Optimise comorbid conditions (diabetes, hypertension, vascular health).
- Arrange follow-up every 1–2 weeks, adjusting treatment based on response.
- Educate on ulcer prevention:
- Compression stockings for long-term venous support.
- Regular exercise and weight management.
- Daily skin checks to detect early changes.
- Smoking cessation if applicable.
SUMMARY OF A COMPETENT ANSWER
- Elicits a detailed history, including risk factors, ulcer progression, and lifestyle impact.
- Differentiates venous, arterial, and mixed ulcers based on clinical features.
- Provides a clear and empathetic explanation of the diagnosis and management.
- Develops an individualised, evidence-based treatment plan, including wound care, compression, and prevention.
- Ensures appropriate follow-up and referrals for specialist care if needed.
PITFALLS
- Failing to distinguish venous from arterial ulcers, leading to inappropriate management (e.g., compression in severe arterial disease).
- Overprescribing antibiotics for non-infected ulcers, contributing to antimicrobial resistance.
- Neglecting to assess and optimise comorbidities (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, vascular disease).
- Not addressing patient concerns, leading to reduced adherence to treatment.
- Lack of structured follow-up, delaying identification of complications.
REFERENCES
MARKING
Each competency area is on the following scale from 0 to 3.
☐ Competency NOT demonstrated
☐ Competency NOT CLEARLY demonstrated
☐ Competency SATISFACTORILY demonstrated
☐ Competency FULLY demonstrated
1. Communication and Consultation Skills
1.1 Communication is appropriate to the person and sociocultural context.
1.2 Engages the patient to gather information about their symptoms, ideas, concerns, and expectations.
1.4 Communicates effectively in routine and difficult situations.
2. Clinical Information Gathering and Interpretation
2.1 Gathers relevant history, including risk factors for chronic ulcers.
3. Diagnosis, Decision-Making and Reasoning
3.1 Differentiates between venous, arterial, and mixed ulcers.
4. Clinical Management and Therapeutic Reasoning
4.1 Develops an evidence-based wound care plan, including dressings and compression therapy.
5. Preventive and Population Health
5.1 Provides advice on lifestyle modifications to prevent ulcer recurrence.
6. Professionalism
6.1 Demonstrates patient-centred care and acknowledges the impact of chronic ulcers on quality of life.
7. General Practice Systems and Regulatory Requirements
7.1 Ensures appropriate wound management within Medicare and allied health referral pathways.
8. Procedural Skills
8.1 Demonstrates appropriate wound assessment and dressing application.
9. Managing Uncertainty
9.1 Recognises when a non-healing ulcer may indicate malignancy or another underlying condition.
10. Identifying and Managing the Patient with Significant Illness
10.1 Identifies complications such as cellulitis, osteomyelitis, or venous insufficiency requiring escalation of care.
Competency at Fellowship Level
☐ CLEARLY BELOW STANDARD
☐ BELOW EXPECTED STANDARD
☐ BORDERLINE
☐ AT EXPECTED STANDARD
☐ ABOVE STANDARD