CCE-CE-046

CASE INFORMATION

Case ID:
Case Name: Michael Thompson
Age: 45
Gender: Male
Indigenous Status: Non-Indigenous
Year: 2025
ICPC-2 Codes: T82 – Overweight/Obesity

COMPETENCY OUTCOMES

Competency DomainCompetency Element
1. Communication and Consultation Skills1.1 Engages the patient to gather information about their symptoms, concerns, and expectations
1.2 Provides clear, empathic, and appropriate explanations regarding the condition and management plan
2. Clinical Information Gathering and Interpretation2.1 Gathers relevant history, including medical, dietary, and psychosocial aspects
2.2 Assesses risk factors for comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes
3. Diagnosis, Decision-Making and Reasoning3.1 Identifies and interprets clinical signs and symptoms related to obesity and metabolic syndrome
3.2 Considers differential diagnoses contributing to weight gain
4. Clinical Management and Therapeutic Reasoning4.1 Develops an individualised weight management plan incorporating dietary, exercise, and behavioural strategies
4.2 Considers pharmacological and/or surgical options if indicated
5. Preventive and Population Health5.1 Implements evidence-based lifestyle interventions for obesity prevention
5.2 Discusses screening and prevention of obesity-related complications
6. Professionalism6.1 Provides non-judgmental, patient-centred care and addresses stigma around obesity
7. General Practice Systems and Regulatory Requirements7.1 Recognises Medicare-rebated options for weight management support (e.g., GP Management Plan, Team Care Arrangements)
8. Procedural Skills8.1 Performs and interprets relevant investigations such as BMI, waist circumference, and metabolic blood tests
9. Managing Uncertainty9.1 Addresses patient concerns regarding weight loss challenges and expected outcomes
10. Identifying and Managing the Patient with Significant Illness10.1 Identifies and manages obesity-related comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnoea

CASE FEATURES

  • Consideration of medical and surgical management options
  • Middle-aged male presenting with concerns about weight gain and associated health risks
  • Comorbidities including hypertension and borderline diabetes
  • Psychological distress related to weight and past unsuccessful weight-loss attempts
  • Patient-centred discussion focusing on practical, sustainable lifestyle modifications

INSTRUCTIONS

You have 15 minutes to complete the tasks for this case.

You should treat this consultation as if it is face to face.

You are not required to perform an examination.

A patient record summary is provided for your information.

Perform the following tasks:

  1. Take an appropriate history.
  2. Outline the differential diagnosis and key investigations required.
  3. Address the patient’s concerns.
  4. Develop a safe and patient-centred management plan.

SCENARIO

Michael Thompson, a 45-year-old man, has booked an appointment at your general practice due to concerns about his weight. He reports steady weight gain over the past five years and has struggled to lose weight despite trying multiple diets. He works long hours in a stressful corporate job, often skipping meals and relying on takeaway food. He has recently noticed worsening fatigue, occasional knee pain, and mild breathlessness when climbing stairs.

His measurements today:

  • Weight: 112 kg
  • Height: 178 cm (BMI: 35.3 – Obese Class II)
  • Waist circumference: 110 cm
  • Blood pressure: 142/88 mmHg

He wants advice on how to lose weight but feels frustrated and demotivated due to past failures. He is open to discussing all options, including diet, exercise, medications, and potential surgery.


PATIENT RECORD SUMMARY

Patient Details

Name: Michael Thompson
Age: 45
Gender: Male
Gender Assigned at Birth: Male
Indigenous Status: Non-Indigenous

Allergies and Adverse Reactions

  • Nil known

Medications

  • Perindopril 5 mg daily (for hypertension)

Past History

  • Hypertension (diagnosed 2 years ago)
  • Borderline type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 6.3% 1 year ago)
  • Knee osteoarthritis

Social History

  • Works in corporate management (sedentary job)
  • Physical activity: Minimal exercise

Family History

  • Father: Passed away at 65 from a heart attack
  • Mother: Type 2 diabetes, overweight

Smoking

  • Non-smoker

Alcohol

  • 2-3 standard drinks on weekends

Vaccination and Preventative Activities

Up to date with routine vaccinations

ROLE PLAYER INSTRUCTIONS

Just like a consultation with a doctor, the candidate will ask you a series of questions.
The OPENING LINE is always to be said exactly as written. This is the only part of the script
which will be the same for all candidates. Where the candidate goes after the opening line is
up to them.

The remainder of the information is to be given based on the questions asked by the
candidate.

The information in the following script are core pieces of information. The core pieces of
information will not necessarily follow the order in the script but should be given when cued
by the candidate’s question.

GENERAL INFORMATION can be given relatively freely. After the opening line, most
candidates will ask an open question like “Can you tell me more about that?” You can provide
the GENERAL INFORMATION in response to that sort of question.

SPECIFIC INFORMATION should only be given when the candidate asks a relevant question.
Candidates don’t need to ask for all the information in the SPECIFIC INFORMATION section,
but all the relevant information is given there should they want to.

Each line or dot point in the SPECIFIC INFORMATION section is an appropriate chunk of
information which can be provided to the candidate when asked a relevant question.

Do not give extra information than asked.

Do not provide details which are not given in the information chunks (i.e.: do not elaborate
or ad-lib).

If the candidate asks a question that is not given in the script, the best way to respond is with
a generic response indicating there is no problem. For example:

Candidate: “How many hours do you sleep?”
Response: “I’m sleeping fine.” / “I don’t have any concerns about my sleep.”

The case may have specific QUESTIONS to ask the candidate. You can start asking the
QUESTIONS if the candidate asks about your ideas or concerns or questions.

Ask the other questions in a conversational way. You do not need to ask all the questions. The
aim should be to ask most of the questions but without interrupting the candidate.

The Patient Record Summary is also included. This is not part of the script but is included for
your general information.

If you need help in understanding any of the medical information in the script, ask the College
examiner who will be with you, and they can help to explain the terms or the conditions.


Opening Line

“Doctor, I feel like my weight is getting out of control, and I’m worried about my health. I’ve tried everything, but nothing seems to work.”


General Information

  • You are frustrated and concerned about your weight but also feel embarrassed to talk about it.
  • You have tried multiple diets, including intermittent fasting and meal replacement shakes, but always regain the weight.
  • Your job is stressful, and you often work late, leading to poor eating habits.
  • You feel too tired after work to exercise.
  • You have knee pain and occasional breathlessness, making physical activity harder.

Specific Information

(Reveal only when asked)

Background Information

You are hesitant to seek help because you feel that previous doctors have just told you to “eat less and exercise more,” which hasn’t worked for you. You are sceptical that anything new will help but are here because a close friend recently had a heart attack at 48, and that scared you. You don’t want to end up in the same position.

You feel like your weight is holding you back in life. You used to be more active and enjoyed going on hikes with your family, but now even a short walk leaves you feeling exhausted. You worry that your weight is affecting your relationship with your wife and children. Your teenage son recently commented on how “Dad never exercises,” which stung.

Weight History & Past Attempts at Weight Loss

  • You started gaining weight in your mid-30s after taking on a high-stress corporate job. You used to be fairly active in your 20s but gradually stopped exercising.
  • You have tried multiple diets over the past few years:
    • Intermittent fasting: You lost 5 kg initially, but it made you feel tired and irritable, so you stopped.
    • Meal replacement shakes: You lost about 8 kg on these but gained it all back within a year.
    • Low-carb diet: It helped a little, but you found it too restrictive, and you craved junk food.
    • Gym membership: You signed up for a gym last year but only went a few times because you felt self-conscious about your weight.
  • Overall, you feel like nothing works in the long run, and you always regain the weight.

Dietary Habits

  • You often skip breakfast because you are rushing to work.
  • You grab a coffee and maybe a muffin in the morning.
  • Lunch is usually takeaway – often something quick like a burger or a sandwich.
  • Dinner is usually a large meal because you’re starving by the time you get home.
  • You often snack at night while watching TV, especially on chips or biscuits.
  • You try to cut down on sugar, but you crave sweets, especially when stressed.

Physical Activity & Exercise

  • You used to play social soccer in your 20s but haven’t played in years.
  • You rarely exercise now. Even walking for more than 15 minutes makes your knees ache.
  • You drive to work and spend most of the day sitting.
  • You’d like to be more active, but you’re not sure where to start.

Symptoms

  • You often feel fatigued, especially in the afternoons.
  • You sometimes feel short of breath after climbing stairs.
  • Your knees hurt, particularly after sitting for a long time.
  • Your wife says you snore at night, and sometimes she has to nudge you to stop.
  • You don’t have any chest pain, palpitations, or dizziness.

Concerns

  • You’re afraid of developing diabetes like your mother.
  • You worry about being a burden on your family if you get seriously ill.
  • You’re embarrassed about your weight and how it affects your confidence at work and socially.
  • You don’t want to be put on “another diet that won’t work.”

Expectations & Willingness to Change

  • You want a realistic and sustainable plan—nothing extreme.
  • You are open to medication but don’t want to experience serious side effects.
  • You’ve read about weight loss injections and wonder if they might help.
  • You’ve heard about weight loss surgery but are unsure if it’s something you should consider.

Emotional Cues & Body Language

  • You seem hesitant and defensive at first, crossing your arms and speaking with a frustrated tone.
  • When discussing past weight loss attempts, you sigh deeply and shake your head in disappointment.
  • When talking about your fears (like developing diabetes or having a heart attack), you become visibly anxious and look down.
  • If the candidate is empathetic and provides encouragement, you gradually open up, making more eye contact and nodding in agreement.

Questions for the Candidate (Ask Naturally During the Consultation)

  1. “Is my weight really putting me at serious risk of illness?”
  2. “What is the best way to lose weight and keep it off?”
  3. “Are there any medications that can actually help?”
  4. “Do I need surgery, or is there another way?”
  5. “Why does weight loss seem so much harder as I get older?”
  6. “How can I exercise when my knees hurt so much?”

Response to Advice Given by the Candidate

  • If the candidate provides practical and realistic advice, you become more engaged and hopeful.
  • If they suggest strict dieting or excessive exercise, you become skeptical and express doubts.
  • If they acknowledge your struggles and offer a step-by-step approach, you appreciate their support and become more receptive.
  • If medications or surgery are suggested, you ask for more information about risks and benefits before making a decision.

Final Thought

As the consultation progresses, if the candidate has been supportive and patient-centred, you leave the consultation feeling more hopeful about making changes. If they are too rigid or dismissive, you remain discouraged and unconvinced that anything will work.

THE COMPETENT CANDIDATE

The competent candidate should be able to:


Task 1: Take a focused history regarding Michael’s weight gain, lifestyle, and associated health concerns.

The competent candidate should:

  • Establish rapport and acknowledge Michael’s concerns with a non-judgmental approach.
  • Explore onset and progression of weight gain, any previous attempts at weight loss, and what strategies have or have not worked.
  • Inquire about dietary habits, including meal patterns, food choices, snacking, portion sizes, and emotional or stress-related eating.
  • Assess physical activity levels, barriers to exercise, and any previous engagement in structured exercise programs.
  • Screen for obesity-related symptoms, including sleep disturbances (e.g., snoring, daytime fatigue suggesting obstructive sleep apnoea), joint pain, breathlessness, and signs of metabolic syndrome.
  • Take a detailed past medical history, including hypertension, diabetes risk, and any previous blood test results related to metabolic health.
  • Explore family history of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or other metabolic disorders.
  • Assess psychosocial factors, including stress, work-life balance, mood disorders (e.g., depression or anxiety), and motivation levels.
  • Ask about alcohol consumption and smoking status, as these are important risk factors for metabolic disease.
  • Discuss expectations and goals, ensuring the patient’s priorities are understood before discussing a management plan.

Task 2: Identify key medical conditions related to his obesity and discuss relevant investigations.

The competent candidate should:

  • Explain the health risks associated with obesity, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obstructive sleep apnoea, and osteoarthritis.
  • Identify possible obesity-related comorbidities, including:
    • Hypertension – already diagnosed, needs monitoring and management.
    • Type 2 diabetes risk – borderline HbA1c, requires reassessment.
    • Obstructive sleep apnoea – history of snoring and fatigue suggestive, consider a sleep study.
    • Osteoarthritis – knee pain limiting mobility and exercise participation.
  • Recommend appropriate investigations, including:
    • Fasting blood glucose & HbA1c – for diabetes screening.
    • Lipid profile – to assess cardiovascular risk.
    • Liver function tests (LFTs) – for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
    • Thyroid function tests (TFTs) – to exclude hypothyroidism as a contributing factor.
    • Full blood count (FBC) & Iron studies – to assess for anaemia and metabolic dysfunction.
    • ECG (if indicated) – if there are concerns about cardiovascular risk.

Task 3: Address his concerns empathetically and discuss realistic weight management strategies.

The competent candidate should:

  • Acknowledge frustration and past struggles, reinforcing that obesity is a complex condition influenced by multiple factors.
  • Use motivational interviewing to explore barriers to weight loss and identify patient-driven goals.
  • Advise on realistic dietary changes, focusing on sustainable modifications rather than extreme diets.
    • Encourage portion control, balanced meals, and mindful eating.
    • Consider referral to a dietitian for individualised guidance.
  • Encourage gradual and achievable physical activity:
    • Low-impact exercises (e.g., walking, swimming, resistance training).
    • Address knee pain with physiotherapy if needed.
  • Discuss medical management options:
    • Pharmacotherapy (e.g., GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide) may be appropriate for selected patients.
    • Referral for bariatric surgery if BMI ≥ 35 with comorbidities, after discussion of risks/benefits.
  • Address psychological aspects, including stress management and emotional eating.
  • Emphasise long-term follow-up and support, including regular reviews, setting realistic targets, and celebrating small successes.

Task 4: Develop a collaborative and evidence-based management plan, considering lifestyle, medical, and referral options.

The competent candidate should:

  • Formulate an individualised weight management plan, integrating:
    • Dietary advice – promoting whole foods, reducing processed foods, and improving meal timing.
    • Exercise plan – tailored to his abilities, aiming for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week.
    • Behavioural strategies – addressing emotional eating and stress-related habits.
  • Arrange follow-up and monitoring, including:
    • Regular weight and metabolic health assessments.
    • Adjustments to hypertension management based on lifestyle changes.
  • Discuss pharmacological options, if appropriate, after assessing risks and patient preferences.
  • Consider specialist referrals:
    • Dietitian for nutritional guidance.
    • Exercise physiologist for structured activity programs.
    • Sleep study referral if obstructive sleep apnoea is suspected.
    • Bariatric surgery referral if conservative measures are insufficient.
  • Ensure ongoing support, setting realistic expectations and reinforcing gradual, sustainable progress.

SUMMARY OF A COMPETENT ANSWER

  • Establishes rapport and takes a non-judgmental history.
  • Identifies key comorbidities related to obesity and suggests appropriate investigations.
  • Provides realistic and evidence-based weight management strategies, including diet, exercise, medical therapy, and referrals.
  • Uses motivational interviewing to explore barriers and set patient-centred goals.
  • Discusses long-term follow-up and strategies for sustained lifestyle change.

PITFALLS

  • Focusing only on weight loss rather than addressing overall health and comorbidities.
  • Failing to explore psychosocial factors, including stress, mental health, and barriers to change.
  • Recommending extreme diets rather than sustainable, practical modifications.
  • Not considering pharmacological or surgical options for patients who meet criteria.
  • Overlooking important investigations, such as HbA1c, lipid profile, and liver function tests.
  • Lack of structured follow-up, which is essential for long-term success.

REFERENCES


MARKING

Each competency area is on the following scale from 0 to 3.

☐ Competency NOT demonstrated
☐ Competency NOT CLEARLY demonstrated
☐ Competency SATISFACTORILY demonstrated
☐ Competency FULLY demonstrated

1. Communication and Consultation Skills

1.1 Communication is appropriate to the person and sociocultural context.
1.2 Engages the patient to gather information about their symptoms, ideas, concerns, and expectations.
1.4 Communicates effectively in routine and difficult situations.

2. Clinical Information Gathering and Interpretation

2.1 Gathers relevant history, including lifestyle, diet, and medical risks.

3. Diagnosis, Decision-Making and Reasoning

3.1 Identifies comorbidities and suggests appropriate investigations.

4. Clinical Management and Therapeutic Reasoning

4.1 Develops an individualised, evidence-based weight management plan.

Competency at Fellowship Level

☐ CLEARLY BELOW STANDARD
☐ BELOW EXPECTED STANDARD
☐ BORDERLINE
☐ AT EXPECTED STANDARD
☐ ABOVE STANDARD