Case ID: CCE-2025-001
Case Name: Harold Thompson
Age: 78
Gender: Male
Indigenous Status: Non-Indigenous
Year: 2025
ICPC-2 Codes: K86 (Hypertension), A91 (Abnormal test results NOS), T90 (Diabetes, non-insulin-dependent), R95 (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), L89 (Osteoarthritis hip), P76 (Depressive disorder)
COMPETENCY OUTCOMES
Competency Domain | Competency Element |
---|---|
1. Communication and Consultation Skills | 1.1 Establishes rapport and communicates effectively with the elderly patient and his family 1.2 Uses appropriate language and explanations to ensure understanding 1.4 Demonstrates empathy and addresses the patient’s concerns |
2. Clinical Information Gathering and Interpretation | 2.1 Gathers relevant medical history including comorbidities and medication use 2.2 Identifies functional decline and psychosocial factors |
3. Diagnosis, Decision-Making and Reasoning | 3.1 Recognises red flags for decompensation in multimorbid elderly patients 3.2 Prioritises health concerns and develops a problem list |
4. Clinical Management and Therapeutic Reasoning | 4.1 Develops a holistic, patient-centred management plan 4.2 Considers polypharmacy risks and deprescribing where appropriate |
5. Preventive and Population Health | 5.1 Assesses fall risk and recommends preventive strategies 5.2 Discusses advance care planning |
6. Professionalism | 6.1 Demonstrates respect and ethical care for an elderly patient |
7. General Practice Systems and Regulatory Requirements | 7.1 Ensures appropriate referrals to allied health and aged care services |
9. Managing Uncertainty | 9.1 Manages complex interactions between multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy |
10. Identifying and Managing the Patient with Significant Illness | 10.1 Recognises signs of frailty and early decompensation |
CASE FEATURES
- Preventive health aspects: fall risk, vaccinations, and advance care planning.
- Elderly patient with multiple chronic conditions: hypertension, type 2 diabetes, COPD, osteoarthritis, and depression.
- Polypharmacy issues and medication side effects.
- Functional decline and increasing frailty.
- Concerns about independence and family stressors.
INSTRUCTIONS
You have 15 minutes to complete the tasks for this case.
You should treat this consultation as if it is face-to-face.
You are not required to perform an examination.
A patient record summary is provided for your information.
Perform the following tasks:
- Take an appropriate history from Harold.
- Identify key issues and outline a problem list.
- Address Harold’s concerns.
- Develop a management plan
SCENARIO
Harold Thompson, a 78-year-old retired teacher, presents for a routine check-up. His daughter, Emily, is also attending as she is concerned about his recent weight loss, forgetfulness, and occasional dizziness. Harold has longstanding hypertension and type 2 diabetes, managed with ramipril, amlodipine, metformin, and aspirin. He also has COPD, for which he uses a salbutamol inhaler. He has had two exacerbations in the past six months.
Lately, Harold has been feeling more fatigued and struggling with joint pain due to osteoarthritis. He mentions occasional low mood and poor motivation, which his daughter confirms has worsened in the past few months.
Today, his BP is 102/65 mmHg, and he reports feeling dizzy when standing up quickly. His recent HbA1c is 7.8%, and his eGFR has declined to 50 mL/min.
PATIENT RECORD SUMMARY
Patient Details
- Name: Harold Thompson
- Age: 78
- Gender: Male
- Indigenous Status: Non-Indigenous
Allergies and Adverse Reactions
- No known drug allergies
Medications
- Ramipril 5 mg daily
- Amlodipine 5mg daily
- Metformin 1000 mg BD
- Aspirin 100 mg daily
- Salbutamol inhaler PRN
- Paracetamol 1g TDS
Past History
- Hypertension (diagnosed 15 years ago)
- Type 2 diabetes (diagnosed 10 years ago)
- COPD (diagnosed 8 years ago, ex-smoker)
- Osteoarthritis (bilateral knees and hips)
- Depression (intermittent, no previous psychiatric hospitalisation)
Social History
- Retired high school teacher
Smoking History
- Smoked 25 pack-years, quit 10 years ago
Alcohol
- Occasional glass of wine
Vaccination and Preventive Activities
- No advance care planning documented
- Last influenza vaccine 12 months ago
- Pneumococcal vaccine received at age 65
ROLE PLAYER INSTRUCTIONS
Just like a consultation with a doctor, the candidate will ask you a series of questions.
The OPENING LINE is always to be said exactly as written. This is the only part of the script
which will be the same for all candidates. Where the candidate goes after the opening line is
up to them.
The remainder of the information is to be given based on the questions asked by the
candidate.
The information in the following script are core pieces of information. The core pieces of
information will not necessarily follow the order in the script but should be given when cued
by the candidate’s question.
GENERAL INFORMATION can be given relatively freely. After the opening line, most
candidates will ask an open question like “Can you tell me more about that?” You can provide
the GENERAL INFORMATION in response to that sort of question.
SPECIFIC INFORMATION should only be given when the candidate asks a relevant question.
Candidates don’t need to ask for all the information in the SPECIFIC INFORMATION section,
but all the relevant information is given there should they want to.
Each line or dot point in the SPECIFIC INFORMATION section is an appropriate chunk of
information which can be provided to the candidate when asked a relevant question.
Do not give extra information than asked.
Do not provide details which are not given in the information chunks (i.e.: do not elaborate
or ad-lib).
If the candidate asks a question that is not given in the script, the best way to respond is with
a generic response indicating there is no problem. For example:
Candidate: “How many hours do you sleep?”
Response: “I’m sleeping fine.” / “I don’t have any concerns about my sleep.”
The case may have specific QUESTIONS to ask the candidate. You can start asking the
QUESTIONS if the candidate asks about your ideas or concerns or questions.
Ask the other questions in a conversational way. You do not need to ask all the questions. The
aim should be to ask most of the questions but without interrupting the candidate.
The Patient Record Summary is also included. This is not part of the script but is included for
your general information.
If you need help in understanding any of the medical information in the script, ask the College
examiner who will be with you, and they can help to explain the terms or the conditions.
Opening Line
“Doctor, I just feel like I’m slowing down a lot these days. My daughter’s worried, but I’m fine, really.”
General Information
(Provide freely if prompted with open-ended questions like, “Can you tell me more about that?” or “How have things been for you lately?”)
- You have noticed you’re getting tired more easily and sometimes feel short of breath, especially when walking up stairs or carrying groceries.
- You sometimes feel dizzy when standing up quickly, which makes you worry about falling.
- Your joints have been hurting more, particularly your knees and hips, making it harder to stand up after sitting for a while or walk long distances.
Specific Information
(Provide only if the candidate asks specific, relevant questions.)
Background Information
- You occasionally forget things, like where you put your keys or whether you’ve taken your morning medications.
- Your appetite has been lower, and you’ve lost a little weight without trying.
- Your daughter Emily visits once a week, helps with groceries and cleaning, but you don’t want to burden her.
Physical Health
- You’ve had two falls recently, both times tripping over your own feet, but you didn’t get seriously hurt. You didn’t tell Emily because you didn’t want her to worry.
- You sometimes forget to take your medications, especially in the evenings.
- You sometimes wake up at night short of breath but don’t think much of it.
- Your ankles swell up a bit by the end of the day, but it goes away overnight.
- You feel more sluggish and lightheaded in the mornings, and your legs feel weak when you first get up.
- You have occasional chest tightness but think it’s just your COPD.
- You haven’t been driving much lately because you don’t feel as sharp behind the wheel.
Mental and Emotional Well-being
- You’ve been feeling a bit low lately, especially in the evenings, and sometimes struggle to find motivation to do things you used to enjoy, like gardening.
- You miss your wife, and some evenings feel very lonely.
- You sometimes feel like you’re becoming a burden on your daughter.
- You’ve been less interested in socialising, even skipping your usual coffee meet-up with friends.
- You don’t feel as useful anymore and worry about losing your independence.
Living Situation & Support
- You live alone and value your independence.
- You haven’t considered home care services before but might be open to discussing them.
- You don’t like the idea of a nursing home and want to stay in your own home for as long as possible.
- You sometimes struggle with housework, especially vacuuming and lifting heavy things.
- You worry about what will happen if your health worsens, but you’ve never had a formal advance care planning discussion.
Emotional Reactions
- If the candidate suggests home help, you might initially resist, saying, “I don’t think I need that just yet.”
- If the candidate expresses concern about your memory, you should downplay it at first, saying, “Oh, I think that’s just normal forgetfulness.”
- If the candidate mentions your falls, you might try to brush it off, saying, “I wasn’t being careful. I’ll just have to watch my step.”
- If the candidate brings up advance care planning, you might be hesitant, saying, “I don’t really like to think about that.”
Questions for the Candidate
The following questions should be asked at appropriate points in the conversation. Try to space them out naturally, rather than asking all at once.
- “Am I going to lose my independence?” (Ask if the candidate discusses home help, falls, or frailty.)
- “Are my medications making me feel worse?” (Ask if the candidate talks about polypharmacy or medication side effects.)
- “Should I be worried about my memory?” (Ask if the candidate discusses cognitive screening or mentions memory problems.)
- “What can I do to avoid going into a nursing home?” (Ask if the candidate talks about future planning or support options.)
Challenging the Candidate
If the candidate does not explore key areas (such as falls risk, medication side effects, mental health, or advance care planning), remain vague about your concerns. If they fail to ask, do not volunteer the information unless absolutely necessary.
For example:
- If they don’t ask about falls, do not mention them unless directly prompted.
- If they don’t ask about medication adherence, only say, “I take my tablets most days.”
- If they don’t assess mood, just say, “I’ve been okay, just a little off lately.”
If the candidate is too pushy about home help or moving into care, respond with slight frustration:
“I don’t think I need that yet! I’m managing fine on my own.”
This will test their ability to negotiate a care plan sensitively and adapt their approach.
THE COMPETENT CANDIDATE
The competent candidate should be able to:
Task 1: Take an appropriate history from Harold, considering his physical, mental, and social health.
A competent candidate should take a structured and patient-centred history, ensuring all relevant domains are explored.
Key areas to explore:
- Presenting Symptoms:
- Fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath, memory issues, joint pain, weight loss.
- Specifics of dizziness: onset, duration, aggravating and relieving factors.
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory History:
- Hypertension, medication adherence, symptoms of postural hypotension.
- COPD symptoms: exacerbations, inhaler use, nocturnal symptoms.
- Falls and Functional Status:
- History of recent falls, impact on mobility, concerns about daily living activities.
- Cognitive and Mental Health:
- Recent memory changes, depression screening (low mood, anhedonia, isolation).
- Medication Review:
- Polypharmacy concerns: side effects, adherence, interactions.
- Social History:
- Living situation, supports, concerns about independence, home safety.
- Preventive Health & Advanced Care Planning:
- Vaccination status, falls prevention strategies, discussion on future care planning.
A competent candidate ensures a rapport-building, empathetic approach, using open-ended and clarifying questions.
Task 2: Identify key issues and outline a problem list.
A structured problem list must include:
- Polypharmacy and medication side effects → risk of postural hypotension and falls.
- Cognitive concerns → needs screening for early dementia or medication-related cognitive impairment.
- Depression and social isolation → affecting motivation, engagement in activities.
- Functional decline and frailty → difficulty managing daily activities, increased falls risk.
- COPD management → suboptimal control, potential nocturnal hypoxia.
- Cardiovascular risk → Hypertension, aspirin therapy review, need for renal monitoring.
This prioritisation demonstrates clinical reasoning and holistic management.
Task 3: Address Harold’s concerns about his independence and management of his chronic conditions.
- Acknowledge Harold’s concerns empathetically: “I understand that maintaining your independence is very important to you.”
- Reassure him that the focus is on maintaining his quality of life, not taking his independence away.
- Address memory concerns: Explain possible causes (medication side effects, cognitive decline, depression). Offer cognitive screening.
- Falls prevention strategies: Home modifications, physiotherapy, exercise programs.
- Medication review and deprescribing: Reduce postural hypotension risk.
- Encourage social engagement: Support groups, day programs, telehealth options.
- Plan ahead with advance care planning: Explain benefits, ensure shared decision-making.
Task 4: Develop a safe and patient-centred management plan, including referrals if necessary.
A structured plan should include:
- Falls prevention: Home safety assessment, referral to physiotherapy and occupational therapy.
- Medication review: Consider deprescribing amlodipine if contributing to postural hypotension.
- Cognitive assessment: Conduct MMSE or MOCA, liaise with a geriatrician if needed.
- Mental health support: Referral to psychology or a mental health care plan.
- COPD optimisation: Review inhaler technique, pulmonary rehab, consider oxygen assessment.
- Advance care planning: Explore Harold’s wishes for future care and emergency planning.
This ensures a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, and patient-centred approach.
SUMMARY OF A COMPETENT ANSWER
- Takes a comprehensive history, covering physical, mental, and social domains.
- Identifies and prioritises key issues, demonstrating structured clinical reasoning.
- Engages empathetically, addressing Harold’s concerns about independence.
- Develops a safe and tailored management plan, including falls prevention, medication review, and social support.
- Incorporates preventive health and advance care planning, ensuring a long-term approach.
PITFALLS
- Failing to assess medication side effects, particularly polypharmacy and postural hypotension.
- Overlooking cognitive impairment by dismissing memory concerns as “normal ageing.”
- Not addressing the patient’s emotional concerns, leading to disengagement.
- Lack of a multidisciplinary approach, missing referrals for falls prevention, mental health, or COPD management.
- Avoiding difficult conversations about future care planning due to discomfort.
REFERENCES
- RACGP Aged Care Clinical Guide (Silver Book)
- RACGP Guidelines for Preventive Activities in General Practice (Red Book)
- Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care – Falls Prevention
- GP Exams – Hypertension
MARKING
Each competency area is on the following scale from 0 to 3.
☐ Competency NOT demonstrated
☐ Competency NOT CLEARLY demonstrated
☐ Competency SATISFACTORILY demonstrated
☐ Competency FULLY demonstrated
1. Communication and Consultation Skills
1.1 Communication is appropriate to the person and the sociocultural context.
1.2 Engages the patient to gather information about their symptoms, ideas, concerns, expectations of healthcare, and the full impact of their illness experience.
1.4 Communicates effectively in routine and difficult situations.
2. Clinical Information Gathering and Interpretation
2.1 Gathers relevant medical history including comorbidities and medication use.
2.2 Identifies functional decline and psychosocial factors.
3. Diagnosis, Decision-Making and Reasoning
3.1 Recognises red flags for decompensation in multimorbid elderly patients.
3.2 Prioritises health concerns and develops a problem list.
4. Clinical Management and Therapeutic Reasoning
4.1 Develops a holistic, patient-centred management plan.
4.2 Considers polypharmacy risks and deprescribing where appropriate.
5. Preventive and Population Health
5.1 Assesses fall risk and recommends preventive strategies.
5.2 Discusses advance care planning.
6. Professionalism
6.1 Demonstrates respect and ethical care for an elderly patient.
7. General Practice Systems and Regulatory Requirements
7.1 Ensures appropriate referrals to allied health and aged care services.
9. Managing Uncertainty
9.1 Manages complex interactions between multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy.
10. Identifying and Managing the Patient with Significant Illness
10.1 Recognises signs of frailty and early decompensation.
Competency at Fellowship Level
☐ CLEARLY BELOW STANDARD
☐ BELOW EXPECTED STANDARD
☐ BORDERLINE
☐ AT EXPECTED STANDARD
☐ ABOVE STANDARD