CCE-CE-200.1

CASE INFORMATION

Case ID: CCE-CPM-001
Case Name: David Thompson
Age: 58
Gender: Male
Indigenous Status: Non-Indigenous
Year: 2024
ICPC-2 Codes: L18 (Chronic pain)

COMPETENCY OUTCOMES

Competency DomainCompetency Element
1. Communication and Consultation Skills1.1 Communication is appropriate to the person and the sociocultural context.
1.2 Engages the patient to gather information about symptoms, ideas, concerns, and expectations.
1.4 Communicates effectively in routine and difficult situations.
2. Clinical Information Gathering and Interpretation2.1 Obtains a relevant history, including psychosocial impact.
2.2 Identifies red flags for serious underlying pathology.
3. Diagnosis, Decision-Making and Reasoning3.1 Differentiates between neuropathic and nociceptive pain.
3.2 Recognises the role of central sensitisation in chronic pain.
4. Clinical Management and Therapeutic Reasoning4.1 Develops a multimodal pain management plan.
4.2 Appropriately prescribes medications and non-pharmacological therapies.
5. Preventive and Population Health5.1 Discusses lifestyle modifications for chronic pain management.
6. Professionalism6.1 Maintains a patient-centred and empathetic approach.
7. General Practice Systems and Regulatory Requirements7.1 Understands the regulatory requirements for opioid prescribing.
9. Managing Uncertainty9.1 Manages patient expectations regarding prognosis and pain control.
10. Identifying and Managing the Patient with Significant Illness10.1 Identifies when referral to a pain specialist or multidisciplinary team is required.

CASE FEATURES

  • No red flags for serious pathology but frustrated with ongoing pain.
  • 58-year-old male with chronic lower back pain for 8 years.
  • Trialled multiple medications, including opioids, with limited success.
  • Significant impact on mental health and quality of life.
  • Concerned about long-term medication use and dependency.
  • Wants a plan to reduce reliance on opioids.

INSTRUCTIONS

You have 15 minutes to complete the tasks for this case.

You should treat this consultation as if it is face-to-face.

You are not required to perform an examination.

A patient record summary is provided for your information.

Perform the following tasks:

  1. Take a relevant history, including pain characteristics, past treatments, and psychosocial impact.
  2. Explain the likely causes of the pain and discuss the role of chronic pain management strategies.
  3. Develop a patient-centred management plan, incorporating pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches.
  4. Address concerns about medication use and dependency while discussing an opioid reduction strategy.

SCENARIO

David Thompson, a 58-year-old man, presents for a review of his chronic lower back pain. He has had persistent pain for the last 8 years following a workplace injury. Over the years, he has tried multiple treatments, including physiotherapy, exercise programs, and medications (NSAIDs, pregabalin, and opioids).

David expresses frustration with ongoing pain and concerns about his long-term use of opioid medications (oxycodone SR 10mg BD). He says, “I don’t want to be on these tablets forever, but every time I try to stop, the pain gets worse.”

He reports that his pain significantly impacts his sleep, mood, and ability to work. He used to enjoy gardening and fishing but now avoids most activities due to fear of aggravating his pain. He has felt low in mood, and his wife has noticed that he is more withdrawn.

He has no red flag symptoms (no night pain, unexplained weight loss, or neurological deficits).

David wants to know:

  • Why his pain isn’t getting better despite medications
  • What other options he has apart from opioids
  • If he can ever live without pain

PATIENT RECORD SUMMARY

Patient Details

Name: David Thompson
Age: 58
Gender: Male
Gender Assigned at Birth: Male
Indigenous Status: Non-Indigenous

Allergies and Adverse Reactions

Nil known

Medications

  • Oxycodone SR 10mg BD
  • Paracetamol 1g QID
  • Pregabalin 75mg BD
  • Sertraline 50mg daily (started 6 months ago for low mood)

Past History

  • Chronic lower back pain (since workplace injury 8 years ago)
  • Mild osteoarthritis (knees)
  • Depression (recent diagnosis, on sertraline)

Social History

  • Lives with wife
  • Previously worked as a builder, now retired due to pain
  • Smokes 10 cigarettes/day
  • Drinks 4-5 beers on weekends
  • Reduced social activities due to pain

Family History

  • Father had type 2 diabetes and osteoarthritis
  • No history of rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory conditions

Smoking

Current smoker (10/day)

Alcohol

Moderate consumption (4-5 standard drinks on weekends)

Vaccination and Preventative Activities

  • Recent cardiovascular risk assessment: mild hypertension (diet-controlled)
  • Up to date with vaccinations

ROLE PLAYER INSTRUCTIONS

Just like a consultation with a doctor, the candidate will ask you a series of questions.
The OPENING LINE is always to be said exactly as written. This is the only part of the script
which will be the same for all candidates. Where the candidate goes after the opening line is
up to them.

The remainder of the information is to be given based on the questions asked by the
candidate.

The information in the following script are core pieces of information. The core pieces of
information will not necessarily follow the order in the script but should be given when cued
by the candidate’s question.

GENERAL INFORMATION can be given relatively freely. After the opening line, most
candidates will ask an open question like “Can you tell me more about that?” You can provide
the GENERAL INFORMATION in response to that sort of question.

SPECIFIC INFORMATION should only be given when the candidate asks a relevant question.
Candidates don’t need to ask for all the information in the SPECIFIC INFORMATION section,
but all the relevant information is given there should they want to.

Each line or dot point in the SPECIFIC INFORMATION section is an appropriate chunk of
information which can be provided to the candidate when asked a relevant question.

Do not give extra information than asked.

Do not provide details which are not given in the information chunks (i.e.: do not elaborate
or ad-lib).

If the candidate asks a question that is not given in the script, the best way to respond is with
a generic response indicating there is no problem. For example:

Candidate: “How many hours do you sleep?”
Response: “I’m sleeping fine.” / “I don’t have any concerns about my sleep.”

The case may have specific QUESTIONS to ask the candidate. You can start asking the
QUESTIONS if the candidate asks about your ideas or concerns or questions.

Ask the other questions in a conversational way. You do not need to ask all the questions. The
aim should be to ask most of the questions but without interrupting the candidate.

The Patient Record Summary is also included. This is not part of the script but is included for
your general information.

If you need help in understanding any of the medical information in the script, ask the College
examiner who will be with you, and they can help to explain the terms or the conditions.


SCRIPT FOR ROLE-PLAYER

Opening Line

“Doctor, I’ve been on painkillers for years, and I don’t want to rely on them forever. What else can I do?”

General Information

  • You are David Thompson, a 58-year-old retired builder.
  • You have had chronic lower back pain for 8 years, which started after a workplace injury (lifting heavy equipment).
  • The pain has been constant since then but worsens with activity, cold weather, and stress.
  • You describe the pain as a deep ache with occasional sharp stabbing sensations in your lower back.
  • Pain radiates down both legs sometimes but no numbness or weakness.
  • You have tried physiotherapy, hydrotherapy, acupuncture, and chiropractic care, but nothing has provided lasting relief.
  • Medications help a little, but the pain never fully goes away.

Pain Impact on Daily Life

  • You wake up stiff every morning and need time to loosen up.
  • Sitting for long periods makes the pain worse. You avoid long drives or going to the cinema.
  • You used to love gardening and fishing, but you stopped these activities because of your back pain.
  • Your wife says you seem down and withdrawn.
  • Your sleep is poor because of pain. You wake up multiple times at night and feel tired during the day.
  • You feel frustrated, helpless, and angry that your pain controls your life.

Concerns About Opioids

  • You have been on oxycodone SR 10mg BD for over 5 years.
  • You are worried about dependence but feel scared to stop because the pain gets worse when you try.
  • Your pharmacist mentioned reducing opioids, and you’re worried about withdrawal symptoms.
  • You don’t want to increase your dose but don’t see any alternatives.
  • You are interested in medical cannabis and want to know if it’s better than opioids.

Mental and Emotional Health

  • You feel low and irritable most days.
  • Your wife says you are not yourself anymore.
  • You were started on sertraline 50mg daily six months ago, but you’re unsure if it’s helping.
  • You don’t talk to friends as much and feel like a burden on your family.
  • You sometimes think, “What’s the point of all this?” but you haven’t had suicidal thoughts.
  • You are open to seeing a psychologist but don’t know if it will help.

Social and Lifestyle Factors

  • You smoke 10 cigarettes a day and know it’s bad for healing.
  • You drink 4-5 beers on weekends but don’t drink during the week.
  • You are overweight (BMI ~30) and know you should exercise, but it hurts too much.
  • You live with your wife, who is supportive but worried about your health.
  • You are financially okay but worried about expensive treatments.

Specific Information (only provide if asked)

  • Pain triggers: Bending, sitting too long, walking long distances.
  • Pain relief: Heat packs, occasional massage, stretching.
  • Past treatments: Physiotherapy (helped a little), hydrotherapy (good but stopped due to cost), CBD oil (didn’t help).
  • Weight and diet: You eat mostly home-cooked meals but admit to overeating snacks and drinking beer on weekends.
  • Work history: You worked as a builder for 35 years but had to stop due to pain.
  • Support network: Your wife supports you, but you feel like you let her down.

Emotional Cues

  • Express frustration: “I feel like I’ve tried everything!”
  • Show concern about opioid use: “I don’t want to be addicted, but I don’t know what else to do.”
  • Become sad and withdrawn when discussing loss of hobbies and social life.
  • Show hopelessness: “I just don’t know if anything will help me.”

Questions for the Doctor

  1. Why hasn’t my pain gone away after all these years?
  2. Are there any other treatments apart from painkillers?
  3. Can I reduce my opioid use safely?
  4. Will I ever live a normal life again?
  5. Does weight loss or exercise actually help?
  6. Can I get medical cannabis for my pain?

Behavioural Expectations for the Role-Player

  • Be engaged but skeptical when the doctor suggests lifestyle changes.
  • If the doctor acknowledges your pain and frustrations, respond positively.
  • If the doctor dismisses your concerns, become more defensive and resistant.
  • If the doctor explains pain sensitisation, show mild curiosity but doubt.
  • If the doctor suggests seeing a psychologist, respond with “I’m not sure if talking about it will help.” but be open to discussion.

THE COMPETENT CANDIDATE

The competent candidate should be able to:

Task 1: Take an appropriate pain history and assess the impact of chronic pain on the patient’s daily life.

The competent candidate should:

  • Elicit details about pain onset, duration, location, character, radiation, exacerbating and relieving factors, and previous treatments.
  • Assess the functional impact of pain on mobility, daily activities, sleep, work, and social life.
  • Explore psychosocial factors, including mood, coping strategies, support systems, and the patient’s perception of pain.
  • Identify red flags that may indicate serious pathology (e.g., cauda equina syndrome, malignancy, infection).
  • Address opioid dependence concerns, withdrawal risks, and potential for alternative pain management strategies.

Task 2: Explain the role of multimodal pain management and provide a patient-centred management plan.

The competent candidate should:

  • Explain the biopsychosocial model of chronic pain and its role in pain sensitisation.
  • Discuss non-pharmacological strategies, including exercise, physiotherapy, weight management, and psychological interventions (e.g., CBT, mindfulness).
  • Explore medication adjustments, including opioid tapering strategies and alternatives like TCAs, SNRIs, or anticonvulsants for neuropathic pain.
  • Address lifestyle modifications, including smoking cessation, alcohol reduction, and sleep hygiene.
  • Offer referrals to allied health professionals (e.g., physiotherapist, psychologist, pain specialist).

Task 3: Address the patient’s concerns about opioid dependence and alternative pain management options.

The competent candidate should:

  • Validate the patient’s concerns while providing clear, non-judgmental education on opioid dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal risks.
  • Explain safe opioid tapering strategies, including slow dose reduction with adjunctive pain relief.
  • Discuss the evidence for medical cannabis in chronic pain and clarify current guidelines and legal considerations.
  • Ensure shared decision-making by discussing risks, benefits, and realistic expectations of different pain management strategies.
  • Provide a follow-up plan, ensuring ongoing monitoring, support, and medication review.

SUMMARY OF A COMPETENT ANSWER

  • Comprehensive pain assessment covering physical, psychological, and social factors.
  • Acknowledgment of patient concerns about opioids, dependence, and alternative options.
  • Patient-centred management plan, including multimodal pain relief strategies.
  • Clear education about opioid tapering, non-pharmacological options, and medical cannabis.
  • Collaborative approach, ensuring shared decision-making and realistic expectations.

PITFALLS

  • Failure to assess psychosocial impact, focusing only on physical symptoms.
  • Over-reliance on pharmacological management, without discussing non-medication strategies.
  • Dismissal of patient concerns about opioid withdrawal and dependence.
  • Inadequate discussion of opioid tapering, leading to patient resistance or withdrawal symptoms.
  • Failure to consider mental health factors, including depression, anxiety, and social isolation.

REFERENCES


MARKING

Each competency area is on the following scale from 0 to 3.

Competency NOT demonstrated
Competency NOT CLEARLY demonstrated
Competency SATISFACTORILY demonstrated
Competency FULLY demonstrated

1. Communication and Consultation Skills

1.1 Communication is appropriate to the person and the sociocultural context.
1.2 Engages the patient to gather information about their symptoms, ideas, concerns, expectations of healthcare, and the full impact of their illness experience on their lives.
1.4 Communicates effectively in routine and difficult situations.

2. Clinical Information Gathering and Interpretation

2.1 Gathers and uses information to develop a comprehensive and structured assessment.

3. Diagnosis, Decision-Making, and Reasoning

3.1 Uses a structured clinical reasoning process to generate a problem list and working diagnosis.

4. Clinical Management and Therapeutic Reasoning

4.1 Implements a management plan that is appropriate, safe, and patient-centred.

5. Preventive and Population Health

5.2 Uses a patient-centred approach to encourage and support healthy lifestyle changes.

6. Professionalism

6.3 Works in partnership with the patient, considering their personal and cultural background.

7. General Practice Systems and Regulatory Requirements

7.1 Understands and applies guidelines and legislative requirements for opioid prescribing.

9. Managing Uncertainty

9.1 Recognises and manages the complexity and uncertainty in chronic pain cases.

Competency at Fellowship Level

CLEARLY BELOW STANDARD
BELOW EXPECTED STANDARD
BORDERLINE
AT EXPECTED STANDARD
ABOVE STANDARD