CASE INFORMATION
Case ID: CCE-2025-001
Case Name: Michael Johnston
Age: 42 years
Gender: Male
Indigenous Status: Non-Indigenous
Year: 2025
ICPC-2 Codes: L04 (Lymphadenopathy), A77 (Viral illness other), B70 (Lymphoma)
COMPETENCY OUTCOMES
Competency Domain | Competency Element |
---|---|
1. Communication and Consultation Skills | 1.1 Engages the patient to understand their ideas, concerns, and expectations. 1.2 Develops a respectful and empathetic doctor-patient relationship. 1.4 Provides appropriate patient-centred explanations. |
2. Clinical Information Gathering and Interpretation | 2.1 Gathers relevant history, including systemic and local symptoms. 2.2 Selects and interprets appropriate investigations. |
3. Diagnosis, Decision-Making and Reasoning | 3.1 Develops a differential diagnosis based on clinical findings. 3.5 Identifies red flag symptoms requiring urgent referral. |
4. Clinical Management and Therapeutic Reasoning | 4.1 Formulates a safe and evidence-based management plan. 4.3 Provides appropriate follow-up and monitoring. |
5. Preventive and Population Health | 5.2 Addresses modifiable risk factors for malignancy and infections. |
6. Professionalism | 6.1 Maintains patient confidentiality and professional integrity. |
7. General Practice Systems and Regulatory Requirements | 7.1 Orders appropriate tests in accordance with MBS guidelines. |
9. Managing Uncertainty | 9.2 Develops a plan for a patient with an unclear diagnosis. |
10. Identifying and Managing the Patient with Significant Illness | 10.1 Recognises and acts on life-threatening conditions. |
CASE FEATURES
- Male patient presenting with a two-month history of enlarged lymph nodes.
- Initial self-limiting symptoms, but persistent unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy.
- Associated fatigue and weight loss.
- No fever or night sweats.
- Possible differentials include infection, lymphoma, or autoimmune disease.
- Requires clinical reasoning to determine red flags and investigation pathways.
INSTRUCTIONS
You have 15 minutes to complete the tasks for this case.
You should treat this consultation as if it is face-to-face.
You are not required to perform an examination.
A patient record summary is provided for your information.
Perform the following tasks:
- Take an appropriate history.
- Discuss your differential diagnosis with the patient.
- Explain the investigations you will request and why.
- Provide initial management advice and a plan for follow-up.
SCENARIO
Michael Johnston, a 42-year-old male, presents to your clinic with concerns about a painful lump in his neck that has been present for two months. He initially thought it was due to a cold, but it has not resolved despite feeling otherwise well.
Michael is worried it could be cancer and is anxious about what steps to take next.
PATIENT RECORD SUMMARY
Patient Details
Name: Michael Johnston
Age: 42 years
Gender: Male
Gender Assigned at Birth: Male
Indigenous Status: Non-Indigenous
Allergies and Adverse Reactions
- Nil known.
Medications
- Nil regular medications.
Past History
- No significant past medical history.
Social History
- Works as an accountant.
Family History
- Father: Passed away at age 65 from colon cancer.
- Mother: Alive, hypertension.
- No history of lymphoma or leukemia in family.
Smoking
- Non-smoker.
Alcohol
- Drinks 3-4 standard drinks per week.
Vaccination and Preventative Activities
- Up to date with vaccinations.
- Last health check: 2 years ago.
ROLE PLAYER INSTRUCTIONS
Just like a consultation with a doctor, the candidate will ask you a series of questions.
The OPENING LINE is always to be said exactly as written. This is the only part of the script
which will be the same for all candidates. Where the candidate goes after the opening line is
up to them.
The remainder of the information is to be given based on the questions asked by the
candidate.
The information in the following script are core pieces of information. The core pieces of
information will not necessarily follow the order in the script but should be given when cued
by the candidate’s question.
GENERAL INFORMATION can be given relatively freely. After the opening line, most
candidates will ask an open question like “Can you tell me more about that?” You can provide
the GENERAL INFORMATION in response to that sort of question.
SPECIFIC INFORMATION should only be given when the candidate asks a relevant question.
Candidates don’t need to ask for all the information in the SPECIFIC INFORMATION section,
but all the relevant information is given there should they want to.
Each line or dot point in the SPECIFIC INFORMATION section is an appropriate chunk of
information which can be provided to the candidate when asked a relevant question.
Do not give extra information than asked.
Do not provide details which are not given in the information chunks (i.e.: do not elaborate
or ad-lib).
If the candidate asks a question that is not given in the script, the best way to respond is with
a generic response indicating there is no problem. For example:
Candidate: “How many hours do you sleep?”
Response: “I’m sleeping fine.” / “I don’t have any concerns about my sleep.”
The case may have specific QUESTIONS to ask the candidate. You can start asking the
QUESTIONS if the candidate asks about your ideas or concerns or questions.
Ask the other questions in a conversational way. You do not need to ask all the questions. The
aim should be to ask most of the questions but without interrupting the candidate.
The Patient Record Summary is also included. This is not part of the script but is included for
your general information.
If you need help in understanding any of the medical information in the script, ask the College
examiner who will be with you, and they can help to explain the terms or the conditions.
SCRIPT FOR ROLE-PLAYER
Opening Line
“Doctor, I found this lump in my neck about two months ago, and it’s not going away. I’m really worried it could be something serious.”
General Information
(Freely Shared if Asked Open-Ended Questions)
- You first noticed the lump about eight weeks ago. It started as a small, painless swelling just below your jaw on the right side of your neck. Initially, you thought it was from a cold or a sore throat, but it hasn’t gone away, and it’s getting bigger.
- Over the last two weeks, the lump has become more noticeable and slightly tender.
- You have been feeling more tired than usual over the last month or so, but you put it down to work stress.
- You have lost about five kilograms in the last two months without changing your diet or exercise routine.
Specific Information
(Only Revealed if the Candidate Asks Targeted Questions)
Background Information
- You haven’t had any fever, chills, or night sweats.
- No sore throat, cough, or recent infections that you can remember.
- You had mild sinus congestion about a month ago, but nothing significant.
- You haven’t noticed any other swollen glands in your neck, armpits, or groin.
- You haven’t been sick recently, and no one in your household has been unwell.
- No skin changes, rashes, or unusual bruising.
- No dental problems or pain in your teeth.
- You work as an accountant, and your job is quite sedentary.
- You are not sexually active outside your relationship.
- You haven’t travelled overseas or to rural areas in the past few years.
Physical Symptoms:
- The lump is about 2 cm in size, firm, non-movable, and feels deep under the skin rather than just under the surface.
- It has grown slowly but steadily over the past two months.
- You feel some discomfort when pressing on it, but otherwise, it does not hurt.
- You haven’t had difficulty swallowing, breathing, or hoarseness.
- You haven’t noticed any blood in your saliva or any lumps inside your mouth.
- Your appetite is mostly normal, but you eat less than usual because you have less energy to cook or prepare meals.
Lifestyle and Risk Factors:
- You don’t smoke and never have.
- You drink socially (3-4 standard drinks per week), mostly on weekends.
- You exercise occasionally but have been too tired to keep up with it in the last few months.
- No history of tuberculosis (TB) exposure.
- No history of exposure to chemicals, radiation, or industrial toxins.
- You have a cat at home but haven’t been scratched or bitten recently.
Family History:
- Your father passed away at 65 from colon cancer.
- Your mother is alive, has high blood pressure, and is otherwise healthy.
- No known family history of leukemia, lymphoma, or immune disorders.
Emotional Cues & Concerns
- You appear anxious, rubbing your neck occasionally and fidgeting with your hands.
- You are worried that this could be something serious, like cancer.
- You have been Googling your symptoms, and you read that lymphoma can present this way, which has made you even more worried.
- You want reassurance but also a clear plan on what will happen next.
- You feel guilty about not coming in sooner but didn’t think it was a big deal at first.
- If the candidate does not address your concerns properly, you might say,
- “Are you sure this isn’t something serious?”
- “Do you think I need a biopsy? Should I be worried about cancer?”
- “If this was something bad, how would you know?”
- If the candidate explains things well, you will calm down slightly but still need clear follow-up plans.
- If the candidate dismisses your concerns or doesn’t explain things well, you will continue to express anxiety and push for more tests.
Questions for the Candidate (Ask Conversationally During the Consultation)
- “What do you think this could be? Should I be worried?”
- “Will I need a biopsy? What kind of tests will you do?”
- “How long should I wait before I come back if it doesn’t go away?”
- “If this was cancer, what symptoms would I have?”
- “Is there anything I should do to make this go away?”
If the Candidate Provides Reassurance and a Clear Plan
- You will visibly relax but still ask for some clarification, e.g.,
- “So, just to be clear, you think this is more likely an infection than something serious?”
- “And if the tests come back normal, what happens next?”
- You will be reassured if the candidate gives you a structured follow-up plan (e.g., a review in 2 weeks or a referral for further testing).
If the Candidate Fails to Address Your Concerns
- You will become more insistent:
- “I really don’t want to take any chances—can we just do all the tests now?”
- “But why wouldn’t we just do a biopsy right away?”
- “What if this is something serious and we miss it?”
- You might start to express frustration or disappointment, especially if the candidate seems unsure or dismissive.
Conclusion of the Consultation
- If the candidate has done well, you will thank them and agree to the plan but might still confirm:
- “So I’ll come back in two weeks unless something changes?”
- “You’ll call me when the blood test results come in?”
- If the candidate has not given clear answers, you may still express doubt and say:
- “I might get a second opinion. I just want to be sure.”
THE COMPETENT CANDIDATE
The competent candidate should be able to:
Task 1: Take an appropriate history, including systemic and red flag symptoms.
The competent candidate should:
- Use open-ended questions to allow the patient to share their concerns, followed by targeted questions to explore specific symptoms.
- Identify key red flag symptoms such as unintentional weight loss, persistent lymphadenopathy (>6 weeks), night sweats, fever, or unexplained fatigue.
- Clarify the onset, progression, and characteristics of the lump (e.g., size, pain, mobility, associated tenderness).
- Explore infective causes (recent infections, dental issues, tuberculosis exposure, or travel history).
- Consider malignancy risks by taking a relevant personal and family history, particularly regarding lymphoma, leukaemia, or metastatic disease.
- Assess for autoimmune conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, lupus) by asking about joint pain, rashes, and constitutional symptoms.
- Address psychosocial factors, including the patient’s concerns, ideas, and expectations about the lump, particularly anxiety regarding cancer.
- Summarise findings back to the patient to ensure accuracy and demonstrate active listening.
Task 2: Discuss your differential diagnosis with the patient.
The competent candidate should:
- Explain the concept of differential diagnoses in simple, patient-friendly language.
- Discuss likely causes:
- Infective: Viral (EBV, CMV, HIV), bacterial (TB, cat scratch disease), dental abscess.
- Neoplastic: Lymphoma, leukaemia, metastatic cancer (e.g., head and neck malignancy).
- Autoimmune: Sarcoidosis, lupus.
- Emphasise the importance of investigations to determine the cause rather than making assumptions.
- Provide clear explanations to address the patient’s anxiety about cancer while ensuring appropriate safety-netting.
- Use empathetic language to validate concerns and ensure the patient feels heard.
Task 3: Explain the investigations you will request and why.
The competent candidate should:
- Justify the choice of first-line investigations, including:
- Full Blood Count (FBC): To check for leukaemia or infection.
- CRP/ESR: To assess inflammation or infection.
- EBV/CMV serology and HIV testing: To rule out viral causes.
- Chest X-ray: To screen for TB, lymphoma, or other thoracic malignancies.
- Ultrasound of the lymph node: To assess size, shape, and suspicious features.
- Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB): If malignancy is suspected.
- Explain the timeline for results and follow-up plan.
- Address the patient’s concerns regarding testing and ensure informed consent for relevant investigations.
Task 4: Provide initial management advice and a plan for follow-up.
The competent candidate should:
- Offer a structured management plan based on likely causes.
- Explain that if the lump persists for >6 weeks, grows, or new symptoms develop, further investigations (e.g., biopsy) may be required.
- Discuss symptom management, such as analgesia if tender.
- Arrange a follow-up appointment to review test results and assess progress.
- Ensure safety-netting: Advise the patient to return sooner if they develop fevers, night sweats, worsening fatigue, or rapid lymph node enlargement.
- Provide reassurance while acknowledging the need for careful monitoring.
SUMMARY OF A COMPETENT ANSWER
- Uses structured, patient-centred history-taking, covering red flag symptoms, risk factors, and psychosocial context.
- Provides a clear, logical differential diagnosis with appropriate justification.
- Orders evidence-based investigations and explains them in patient-friendly language.
- Develops a safe, patient-centred management plan with appropriate follow-up.
- Demonstrates empathetic communication and effectively addresses patient concerns.
PITFALLS
- Failure to elicit red flags (e.g., weight loss, persistent lymphadenopathy, fatigue).
- Over-reassurance without appropriate investigations or follow-up.
- Failure to provide a clear differential diagnosis or explain the need for tests.
- Omitting safety-netting, leading to a potential missed diagnosis.
- Not addressing the patient’s concerns adequately, especially regarding malignancy fears.
REFERENCES
- RACGP Red Book – Preventive Activities in General Practice
- GP Exams – Painful/enlarged lymph gland(s)
MARKING
Each competency area is on the following scale from 0 to 3.
☐ Competency NOT demonstrated
☐ Competency NOT CLEARLY demonstrated
☐ Competency SATISFACTORILY demonstrated
☐ Competency FULLY demonstrated
1. Communication and Consultation Skills
1.1 Communication is appropriate to the person and the sociocultural context.
1.2 Engages the patient to gather information about their symptoms, ideas, concerns, expectations of healthcare, and the full impact of their illness experience on their lives.
1.4 Communicates effectively in routine and difficult situations.
2. Clinical Information Gathering and Interpretation
2.1 Gathers and interprets relevant history, including red flags.
2.2 Selects and justifies appropriate investigations.
3. Diagnosis, Decision-Making and Reasoning
3.1 Forms a logical differential diagnosis based on history and findings.
3.5 Identifies red flag symptoms requiring urgent referral.
4. Clinical Management and Therapeutic Reasoning
4.1 Develops an evidence-based, patient-centred management plan.
4.3 Provides structured follow-up and safety-netting.
5. Preventive and Population Health
5.2 Addresses modifiable risk factors for malignancy and infection.
6. Professionalism
6.1 Maintains confidentiality and professional integrity.
7. General Practice Systems and Regulatory Requirements
7.1 Orders appropriate tests in line with MBS guidelines.
9. Managing Uncertainty
9.2 Develops a structured approach to a patient with an unclear diagnosis.
10. Identifying and Managing the Patient with Significant Illness
10.1 Recognises and acts on potentially serious conditions.
Competency at Fellowship Level
☐ CLEARLY BELOW STANDARD
☐ BELOW EXPECTED STANDARD
☐ BORDERLINE
☐ AT EXPECTED STANDARD
☐ ABOVE STANDARD